现代政治经济学“重大难题”的理论脉络与新解

More than a century some major frontiers issues such as the problem of negative value" in joint production the puzzle of the relation between labor productivity and value magnitude the debate of value transformation and the problem of the magnitude of average profit rate are all challenging Marx’s labor theory of value directly. Therefore we use new research methods under new assumptions to analyze important theoretical value of these issues in depth. 1.We could find that the existence of negative value" corresponding to pollutants was not in violation of the labor theory of value. 2. Relation between labor productivity and value magnitude displays different states in various socio-economic conditions. 3. Value transformation is a long-term dynamic process and may appear multiple states which will include different solutions in this centennial debate. 4. The average profit rate will show three changes in trend with the different periods of connotation movement in capital organic composition.